French Guiana is a beautiful overseas department of France located in South America. It is known for its unique blend of European and South American culture, as well as its stunning natural beauty. With a population of just over 290,000 people, French Guiana is a small but fascinating destination that offers a range of attractions for tourists of all ages and interests. In this guide, we’ll take a closer look at what French Guiana has to offer, from its vibrant cities to its pristine rainforests and stunning beaches.
Geography and Climate
French Guiana is located on the northern coast of South America, bordered by Brazil to the south and Suriname to the west. The country is relatively small, covering an area of just over 83,000 square kilometers (32,000 square miles). The landscape of French Guiana is characterized by dense rainforests, winding rivers, and stunning beaches.
The climate in French Guiana is tropical, with high temperatures and humidity year-round. The rainy season lasts from December to June, with the driest months occurring between August and November. Temperatures range from the mid-70s to the mid-80s Fahrenheit (24-30 Celsius) throughout the year.
Getting There
The most common way to reach French Guiana is by flying into Cayenne, the country’s capital city. The Cayenne-Félix Eboué Airport serves as the main hub for international and domestic flights. Direct flights are available from several major cities in Europe and South America, including Paris, Amsterdam, and Brasília.
Another option is to take a boat from Brazil or Suriname. However, this is a less common way to reach French Guiana and may not be as convenient or comfortable as flying.
Cities and Towns
Cayenne
Cayenne is the capital city of French Guiana and the largest urban center in the country. It is located on the coast and serves as the main commercial and cultural hub of the region. Cayenne is known for its vibrant nightlife, delicious food, and unique blend of European and South American culture.
One of the most popular attractions in Cayenne is the Place des Palmistes, a beautiful park in the heart of the city. The park features a variety of exotic plants and trees, as well as a statue of Félix Eboué, a famous figure in French Guianese history. Another must-see attraction in Cayenne is the Musée des Cultures Guyanaises, a museum dedicated to the history and culture of French Guiana.
Kourou
Kourou is a small town located about 50 kilometers (31 miles) northwest of Cayenne. It is known for its space center, which serves as the main launch site for the European Space Agency. Visitors can take a tour of the space center and learn about the history and science of space exploration.
Kourou is also home to several beautiful beaches, including Plage des Roches and Plage des Salines. These beaches are popular with tourists and locals alike and offer opportunities for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports.
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is a town located on the western border of French Guiana, near Suriname. It is known for its rich history, as it served as a major penal colony during the 19th and 20th centuries. Today, visitors can explore the remains of the former prison and learn about the lives of the prisoners who were sent there.
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is also home to several museums and cultural centers, including the Musée de la Pénitentiaire and the Maison de la Bresilienne. These institutions offer a glimpse into the history and culture of French Guiana, as well as the broader
Attractions and Activities
Nature and Wildlife
French Guiana is known for its stunning natural beauty and rich biodiversity. The country is home to dense rainforests, winding rivers, and beautiful beaches, as well as a variety of unique plant and animal species. Some of the top natural attractions in French Guiana include:
Amazonian rainforest: French Guiana is part of the Amazon Basin, and the country’s rainforest is home to a diverse array of plant and animal species. Visitors can take guided tours of the rainforest to learn about the local flora and fauna, as well as the indigenous communities that call the forest home.
Montsinéry-Tonnegrande Nature Reserve: This protected area covers over 11,000 hectares (27,000 acres) of forest and wetlands and is home to a variety of bird and mammal species, including monkeys, caimans, and giant otters.
Kaw Mountain: Located in the southeast corner of French Guiana, Kaw Mountain is the highest point in the country, offering stunning views of the surrounding rainforest.
Devil’s Island: Made famous by the novel and movie “Papillon,” Devil’s Island is a former penal colony located off the coast of French Guiana. Visitors can take a boat tour of the island and learn about its history and the lives of the prisoners who were held there.
Culture and History
French Guiana has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by both its indigenous populations and its colonial past. Some of the top cultural and historical attractions in French Guiana include:
Hmong Village: French Guiana is home to a large population of Hmong people, an ethnic group originally from Southeast Asia. Visitors can explore the Hmong Village near Cacao and learn about the traditional culture and crafts of this community.
Fort Cépérou: This colonial-era fort was built by the French in the 17th century to defend against attacks by the Dutch and British. Today, it serves as a museum and cultural center, offering exhibits on the history of French Guiana and its people.
Saint-Joseph Church: Located in Cayenne, this 19th-century church is one of the most iconic buildings in the city. It features a striking red-and-white façade and a beautiful interior decorated with murals and stained glass.
Musée Départemental Alexandre-Franconie: This museum in Cayenne offers exhibits on the history and culture of French Guiana, including indigenous art and artifacts, colonial-era objects, and contemporary works by local artists.
Beaches and Water Sports
French Guiana is home to several beautiful beaches, offering opportunities for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports. Some of the top beaches in French Guiana include:
Remire-Montjoly Beach: This long, sandy beach is located just outside of Cayenne and is popular with both tourists and locals. It offers calm waters for swimming and a range of water sports, including kayaking and paddleboarding.
Montjoly Beach: This secluded beach is located a short drive from Cayenne and is a favorite spot for surfing and kiteboarding.
Rémire Beach: This quiet, peaceful beach is located just north of Cayenne and is known for its clear waters and stunning views of the nearby Îlet La Mère.
Food and Drink
French Guiana is known for its unique blend of French and South American cuisine, with a focus on fresh seafood, tropical fruits, and locally grown produce. Some of the top dishes to try in French Guiana include:
Accras: These deep-fried fritters made with codfish and spices are a popular snack in French Guiana.
Bouillabaisse: This traditional French seafood stew is a favorite dish in French
Climate
French Guiana has a tropical climate with high humidity and temperatures that remain fairly constant throughout the year, typically ranging from 23°C (73°F) to 32°C (90°F). The rainy season runs from December to July, with the heaviest rainfall typically occurring between March and June. During this time, the rainforest can become quite muddy and difficult to navigate, so visitors should come prepared with appropriate footwear and clothing.
Transportation
The main airport in French Guiana is Cayenne-Félix Eboué Airport, which receives regular flights from several major cities in South America and the Caribbean, as well as from Paris. The airport is located just outside of Cayenne and is the primary gateway to the country.
Once in French Guiana, visitors can get around by car, bus, or boat. Rental cars are available in Cayenne and other major towns, but visitors should be aware that roads in the country can be quite rough and may not be well-maintained. Buses are a more affordable option for getting around, but they can be crowded and may not run on a regular schedule. Boat tours are also available for exploring the rivers and coastlines of French Guiana.
Accommodation
French Guiana offers a range of accommodation options to suit different budgets and preferences. In Cayenne and other major towns, visitors can find hotels, guesthouses, and apartments for rent. There are also several eco-lodges and jungle lodges located in and around the rainforest, offering a more immersive and sustainable experience.
Safety and Security
French Guiana is generally considered safe for visitors, but there are some risks to be aware of. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and theft, can occur in tourist areas, so visitors should take precautions to protect their belongings. Visitors should also be aware of the risk of mosquito-borne illnesses, such as dengue fever and Zika virus, and take steps to prevent mosquito bites.
In addition, French Guiana is home to several indigenous communities that may be sensitive to outsiders. Visitors should respect local customs and traditions and seek permission before entering indigenous lands or engaging in cultural activities.
French Guiana has a diverse population that reflects its history and geography. The country is home to a mix of indigenous people, people of African descent, and people of European and Asian descent. French is the official language of the country, but many people also speak Creole and several indigenous languages.
The country has a strong French influence, with French being the official language and French culture and traditions being celebrated throughout the country. However, there is also a strong Amerindian influence, with several indigenous communities living in the country and preserving their unique customs and traditions.
Food and Drink
French Guiana offers a delicious blend of French and South American cuisine, with a focus on fresh seafood, tropical fruits, and locally-grown vegetables. Some popular dishes include acras (deep-fried fish balls), bouillon d’awara (a stew made with palm fruit), and couac (a porridge made from cassava). Local drinks include rum and ti-punch (a rum-based cocktail), as well as fresh fruit juices and coconut water.
Wildlife and Nature
French Guiana is home to a rich array of wildlife and natural wonders. The country’s rainforest is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, with thousands of species of plants and animals. Visitors can spot exotic birds, monkeys, and other animals on guided jungle tours, or take a boat tour of the country’s rivers and coastlines to see sea turtles, dolphins, and other marine life.
French Guiana is also home to several nature reserves and protected areas, including the Guiana Amazonian Park, which covers over 2 million hectares and is home to several endangered species. Visitors can explore the park on foot, by boat, or on horseback, and learn about the unique flora and fauna of the region.
History and Heritage
French Guiana has a rich and complex history that is reflected in its culture and heritage. The country was first inhabited by indigenous people, who were later colonized by the French. In the 19th century, French Guiana became a penal colony, and thousands of prisoners were sent there to serve their sentences.
Today, visitors can learn about the country’s history at several museums and historical sites, including the Camp de la Transportation, a former prison that has been converted into a museum, and the Centre Spatial Guyanais, a space center that launches rockets into orbit.
Overall, French Guiana is a fascinating and unique destination that offers a blend of South American and French cultures, stunning natural beauty, and a rich history and heritage. Whether you’re interested in exploring the rainforest, learning about indigenous cultures, or simply relaxing on the beach, there is something for everyone in this beautiful country.
Economy
French Guiana’s economy is primarily based on government spending and support from the French government. The country receives financial assistance from France and is a member of the European Union, which provides additional funding for infrastructure projects and social programs. The space industry is also a major contributor to the economy, with the Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG) space center located in Kourou. The CSG launches rockets into orbit for commercial and military customers, generating revenue and creating jobs.
Tourism is a growing industry in French Guiana, with visitors attracted to the country’s natural beauty and unique culture. Eco-tourism is particularly popular, with visitors coming to explore the rainforest, spot wildlife, and learn about the indigenous communities that live there. The government is working to develop the tourism industry further, promoting sustainable tourism practices and investing in infrastructure and accommodations.
Education
Education is free and compulsory for children aged 6 to 16 in French Guiana. The education system is based on the French model, with primary and secondary schools, as well as vocational and technical schools. The University of French Guiana is located in Cayenne and offers degrees in a range of fields, including law, economics, and natural sciences.
Healthcare
French Guiana has a modern healthcare system that is funded and managed by the French government. Healthcare is free for all residents and visitors, although there may be fees for certain services or medications. The country has several hospitals and clinics, as well as private healthcare providers.
Environment and Conservation
French Guiana is home to some of the most pristine and biodiverse ecosystems in the world, including the Amazon rainforest and the Guiana Shield. The government is committed to preserving these natural wonders and has established several protected areas and national parks to conserve them.
However, like many countries in the region, French Guiana faces environmental challenges such as deforestation, mining, and illegal hunting and fishing. The government has taken steps to address these issues, including strengthening environmental regulations and supporting sustainable development projects.
Conclusion
French Guiana is a fascinating and unique destination that offers a blend of South American and French cultures, stunning natural beauty, and a rich history and heritage. From exploring the rainforest and spotting wildlife to learning about the indigenous cultures and sampling the delicious cuisine, there is something for everyone in this beautiful country. Despite facing challenges such as economic dependence and environmental degradation, French Guiana is working to build a sustainable and prosperous future for its people and its natural treasures.
French Guiana is a unique and beautiful destination that offers a blend of South American and French cultures, stunning natural beauty, and a rich history and heritage. From exploring the rainforest and spotting wildlife to learning about the indigenous cultures and sampling the delicious cuisine, there is something for everyone in this fascinating country.